Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add 1 teaspoon of salt, then cook the linguine according to package directions until al dente (about 7-8 minutes). Reserve ½ cup of pasta water, drain, and set aside.
In a bowl, toss shrimp with Old Bay, Cajun seasoning, garlic powder, onion powder, and black pepper.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in your stock pot over medium-high heat. Cook shrimp for 2–3 minutes per side, just until pink and opaque. Remove the shrimp and set aside.
In the same pot, add in sliced andouille sausage. Cook for 4–5 minutes until browned and slightly crispy around the edges. Remove and set aside.
If needed, add another tablespoon of olive oil to the skillet. Add mushrooms, onion, yellow bell pepper, and red bell pepper. Sauté for 5–7 minutes until they are softened and fragrant, scraping up the flavorful bits from the pan.